<p>The Boy Scout Building, formerly called the Elebash Center, Inc. for Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, is an historic building located in Miraflores Park  in Pensacola, Florida.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps for the Boy Scouts of America, by 1965, the building was in poor condition. It was restored in the 1970s by the Bream Fisherman Association. Today, it is used as a community gathering place.</p><br>
<p>In June 2021, as a group of Boy Scouts were cleaning the building, they found human remains in a crawl space underneath the building. Members of the University of West Florida Historic Trust later found a map dating to 1884 that denoted a graveyard in the area. It is believed that the graveyard was for black residents and a park was later developed on the land.</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 5 is a former Columbus Fire Department station in the German Village neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. The building was constructed in 1894, designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by John Flynn. The station was decommissioned in 1968. From 1974 to 2002, the space was used for a restaurant and bar, also known as Engine House No. 5. In 2004, the building was converted for office use, and today is the Columbus branch of Big Red Rooster, a marketing company.</p><br>
<p>The station is one of two remaining Columbus fire stations designed by Flynn, and one of seven 1890s fire stations remaining in the city. It is a contributing part of the German Village Historic District, listed as a Columbus city historic district in 1960 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Attributes</h2><br>
<p>The firehouse was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by John Flynn. It primarily utilizes brick and stone, with a heavy rusticated stone base, large segmental-arched windows, and rusticated stone surrounds. The upper floor of the main facade features a row of thin round-arched windows separated by stone columns, while the former firehouse doorways on the lower floor are now filled with bay windows. The engine house&#39;s hose tower still stands, though shortened to three stories.</p><br>
<p>The fire station was built to house eight firefighters, four horses, a steam engine, and a hose wagon. During its operation as a restaurant, the main dining room was located in the former fire engine space. The space was painted peach and muted green; its walls were tastefully decorated with fire memorabilia, largely from the Central Ohio Fire Museum.</p><br>
<p>Interior decor today includes contemporary office furniture, original fixtures (including a clock, egg-shaped pendant lamps, and slate floors), as well as several pieces on loan from the Central Ohio Fire Museum, including a red emergency call box. The building still holds its original fire pole.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Engine House No. 5 was constructed in 1894 to serve as a fire station for the South End, at a time when fire engines were horse-drawn. The station was designed by John Flynn and cost $15,000. It was constructed at a time when fire stations were needed every few blocks. With modernized equipment by the late 1960s, a new fire station was constructed in the area, and so this station was decommissioned in 1968.</p><br>
<p>The station was listed as a contributing part of the German Village Historic District, a Columbus city historic district, in 1960. It was added to the German Village district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The building was slated for demolition in 1973, when restaurateur Chuck Muer purchased the building at auction and renovated it at a cost of about $1 million. He opened a seafood restaurant there in 1974, also called Engine House No. 5. The restaurant was quirky, known for its waiters who would surprise guests celebrating their birthday by sliding down its firepole while holding a cake with candles. It also maintained a reputation for quality fresh seafood. Muers operations also included a bar in the basement of the building called "The Spot", a casual bar known for its strawberry shortcake. The restaurant operated until 2002 even after Muer and his wife disappeared while sailing through a storm in 1993. In 2002, it was purchased by Landrys, a large restaurant group. The group operated the restaurant for two months before permanently closing it.</p><br>
<p>A renovation in 2004 turned the interior into office space. It is now occupied by a branch of the marketing company Big Red Rooster. The company was founded in 2002 in another historic building in Columbus, a Victorian house, and quickly outgrew its space there. In 2011, Big Red Rooster acquired three local marketing companies, and expanded its office space into a new space called "The Coop".</p><br>
<h2>Status</h2><br>
<p>The station is one of about twelve built or reconstructed in the city in the 1880s to 1890s. Of these, seven remain, though in various conditions. The other remaining stations in Columbus are:</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 6, built in 1892, at 540 W. Broad Street (also designed by Flynn)</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 7, built in 1888, at 31 Euclid Avenue</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 8, built in 1888, at 283 N. 20th Street</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 10, built in 1897, at 1096 W. Broad Street</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 11, built in 1897, at 1000 E. Main Street</p><br>
<p>Engine House No. 12, built in 1897, at 734 Oak Street</p><br>
<p>The Apple Bank Building, also known as the Central Savings Bank Building and 2100 Broadway, is a bank and residential building at 2100–2114 Broadway on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Constructed as a branch of the Central Savings Bank, now Apple Bank, from 1926 to 1928, it occupies a trapezoidal city block bounded by 73rd Street to the south, Amsterdam Avenue to the east, 74th Street to the north, and Broadway to the west. The Apple Bank Building was designed by York and Sawyer in the Renaissance Revival and palazzo styles, patterned after an Italian Renaissance-style palazzo.</p><br>
<p>The base of the exterior is clad with rusticated stone blocks. Above the first floor, there are double-height arches on all four sides with ornamental ironwork by Samuel Yellin. The fifth and sixth stories are treated like a loggia, with windows separated by pilasters, while the roof is made of Spanish tile. Inside, entrances on 73rd Street, Broadway, and 74th Street lead to ornamental vestibules. The rectangular banking room next to Amsterdam Avenue has sandstone walls, a marble floor, large niches, and a coffered, barrel-vaulted ceiling. A mezzanine overlooks the banking room to the west. The building&#39;s basement, formerly a bank vault, serves as a gym. The upper stories contain 29 condominium apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Central Savings Bank Building opened on December 8, 1928, as an uptown branch of the bank, which at the time was headquartered in Union Square, Manhattan. The upper floors were originally rented out as offices, while the bank occupied the ground floor. The building&#39;s facade was made a New York City designated landmark in 1975, and the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The Central Savings Bank merged with the Harlem Savings Bank (later the Apple Bank for Savings) in 1981, and the building continued to operate as a neighborhood bank branch. The banking room was designated as a New York City landmark in 1993. The upper-story offices were converted into condo apartments from 2004 to 2007. Contrary to other large bank buildings in New York City, the Apple Bank Building still contains a bank branch.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Apple Bank Building is at 2100–2114 Broadway, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It occupies a trapezoidal city block bounded by Broadway to the west, 74th Street to the north, Amsterdam Avenue to the east, and 73rd Street to the south. The land lot covers 20,475 ft&sup2, with a frontage of 213.67 ft on Broadway and a depth of 131.67 ft. The building is near several other structures, including The Ansonia apartments to the west, The Dorilton apartments one block south, and the Hotel Beacon and Beacon Theatre to the north. Directly south of 2100 Broadway is Verdi Square and an entrance for the New York City Subway&#39;s 72nd Street station.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the bank building&#39;s site was part of a 19th-century development called Harsenville. The southern part of the site, formerly lot 26, was previously occupied by the five-story Sherman Apartments. James Butler and Peter McDonnell had bought these structures in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Apple Bank Building, originally the Central Savings Bank Building, was designed by bank architects York and Sawyer for the Central Savings Bank. The structure was designed in the Renaissance Revival and palazzo styles and was patterned after an Italian Renaissance-style palazzo. Prior to the building&#39;s construction, York and Sawyer had designed the Bowery Savings Bank Building at 110 East 42nd Street, the Greenwich Savings Bank Building, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building. The building was constructed by general contractor Hegeman-Harris Company. Though the Central Savings Bank Building was designed as a neighborhood branch (as contrasted with the Bowery Savings Bank or Greenwich Savings Bank buildings), its architecture evoked that of a large headquarters such as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.</p><br>
<p>The Apple Bank Building houses a branch of the Apple Bank for Savings (previously the Central Savings Bank). In addition, there are 29 condominiums on the upper floors. Though the Apple Bank Building originally contained six full stories excluding mezzanines, the ceilings were so high that the structure was equivalent to an eight- or nine-story building.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>Each elevation, or side of the building, has a different arrangement of window openings. The facade is divided horizontally into four sections on all elevations: a one-story base, two intermediate sections, and a seventh-story attic. The northwestern corner is a diagonal chamfer.</p><br>
<h4>Ground floor</h4><br>
<p>The base of the facade is made of rusticated blocks of limestone. Above the ground floor is a frieze with a torus molding.</p><br>
<p>There are entrances along 73rd Street, 74th Street, and Broadway, A secondary entrance to the building&#39;s apartments is at the north end of the Broadway elevation, with the address 2112 Broadway. The southern entrance on 73rd Street contains a recessed doorway with a grille in front. the firm of Ricci and Zari carved the clock and lion out of Indiana limestone. The east elevation on Amsterdam Avenue has square windows with grilles; there are no entrances.</p><br>
<h4>Upper stories</h4><br>
<p>On the second to fourth stories, each elevation is faced in rusticated limestone blocks similar to those at the base. The second and third stories have double-height arched windows that overlook the banking room. The bottoms of the arches contain wrought-iron grilles with gargoyle heads, manufactured by Samuel Yellin of Philadelphia. The primary elevation faces west on Broadway and contains three arched windows. The east elevation on Amsterdam Avenue has five arched windows. A panel with the inscription "Central Savings Bank 1859–1928", with shields on either side flanked by garlands, is placed above the center arch on both Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue. The outermost bays on Amsterdam Avenue contain rectangular windows on the second and third floors.</p><br>
<p>The north elevation on 74th Street has a single arched window on its left (eastern) section. A sign displaying the time and temperature is also placed on the 73rd Street elevation. The keystones above these arches have cartouches shaped like shields. Each shield contains a depiction of a caduceus,</p><br>
<p>Above the arches, the fourth story has fourteen rectangular windows on Broadway, eighteen on Amsterdam Avenue, eight on 74th Street, and five on 73rd Street. On all sides, there is a horizontal band course above the fourth-story windows. On each elevation, the fifth and sixth stories are treated like a loggia and are divided into the same number of bays as on the fourth story. Each bay contains double-height tripartite windows spanning both stories, with iron spandrels separating the windows on either story. There are also balustrades in front of the lower section of each double-height window, at the fifth story. The bays are separated vertically by pilasters, which in turn are overlaid on rusticated piers. Above is a cornice with modillions, which projects from the facade. The seventh story, above the cornice, includes pairs of windows that correspond to the bays below. There is a sloped Spanish tile roof above.</p><br>
<h3>Bank interior</h3><br>
<p>Most of the bank is aligned with the axes of Amsterdam Avenue, 74th Street, and 73rd Street. Because Broadway runs diagonally to all three streets, the bank&#39;s Broadway entrance vestibule is perpendicular to that street. An entrance foyer, between the Broadway entrance vestibule and the rest of the bank, curves 40 degrees.</p><br>
<h4>Vestibules</h4><br>
<p>On the west side of the ground floor, leading from Broadway, is a vestibule shaped as an irregular quadrilateral. This vestibule has a floor of polychrome marble strips, surrounded by a black slate border. The walls are made of sandstone paneling above black-slate baseboards and have wrought-iron radiator grilles. The metal double doors facing Broadway are flanked by sidelights, which are held in place by iron mullions. The coffered ceiling is made of plaster, which is painted to appear like iron, and contains an iron lantern at its center.</p><br>
<p>From the Broadway entrance vestibule, a doorway leads east to an foyer with an irregular octagonal plan. A metal-and-glass revolving door, with an incision on its interior, takes up two-thirds of the doorway, while a single plate-glass door occupies the other third. Above these doors is a transom window with six panes; the bottom section of each pane contains wrought-iron flowers, and the panes are held in place by iron mullions. This foyer also has a polychrome marble floor with a black-slate border. As with the vestibule, the walls are made of sandstone paneling above black-slate baseboard and have wrought-iron grilles. The coffered ceiling is also made of plaster and painted to appear like iron. An openwork iron lantern hangs from the center of the ceiling. The east wall of the entrance vestibule contains an architrave on its eastern wall, made of Mondragone marble; this links to the banking room.</p><br>
<p>There are two more entrance vestibules facing 73rd and 74th Street, which open directly into the banking room and are similar in style. The vestibules consist of revolving doors with incisions on their interiors. The vestibule floors are made of travertine with tesserae, surrounded by a strip of black slate. The vestibules also include plate-glass doors with metal frames. Above each revolving door are plate-glass transoms with ornamental iron panels.</p><br>
<h4>Banking room</h4><br>
<p>The floors are paved in multicolored marble squares. The square tiles contain alternating circle and square motifs in one of eight colors. The New York Times described the screens as resembling a "particularly elegant torture device from the time of Savonarola". In addition, a wrought-iron cresting runs beneath the entire counter. Throughout the banking room, Yellin designed wrought-iron pieces of furniture such as desks, chairs, and lamps. York & Sawyer also placed eight marble benches in the banking room.</p><br>
<p>The north and south walls of the banking room are made of smooth sandstone blocks with black-slate baseboards. The west and east sides of the banking room each contain six massive piers, which are also designed in sandstone and black slate and flank five arches on either wall. The three central arches on the west wall form a loggia, behind which is the mezzanine level. The west walls outermost arches are blind openings, with inscriptions commemorating the Central Savings Banks trustees. Underneath the blind openings are architraves of Mondragone marble, beneath which stairways lead up to the mezzanine. The arches on the east wall correspond to the large windows on Amsterdam Avenue, with heating grilles just beneath each window. A frieze with Greek key motifs wraps beneath the arches on the west and east walls. Both the piers and the walls are topped by a cornice with dentils.</p><br>
<p>To the north and south, above the 73rd and 74th Street entrance vestibules, are barrel-vaulted alcoves with sandstone walls. The main barrel-vaulted ceiling is suspended from the upper stories via a steel frame, even though the piers give the appearance of holding up the ceiling. Each medallion is decorated with three acanthus leaf wreaths, a frieze, and a border of rosettes and Greek key motifs. The friezes contain Latin inscriptions related to banking.</p><br>
<h4>Mezzanine</h4><br>
<p>The stairs from the mezzanine lead from the northernmost and southernmost arches of the banking room&#39;s west wall. Six travertine steps lead westward from the banking room to an intermediate landing. The square landing for each stair contains polychrome marble and travertine surfaces. Above the landings, the northern stair turns south, while the southern stair turns north; both flights of stairs continue upward. The upper flight of each stair has walls made of rusticated sandstone ashlar, as well as a canted ceiling with a segmental-arched cross-section and small coffers. At the top of each stair, a segmental arch leads into the mezzanine.</p><br>
<p>On the mezzanines east wall, there are travertine balustrades underneath each of the three arches overlook the banking room. Yellin also made metal handrails and balusters for the mezzanine. The other walls of the mezzanine are made of sandstone ashlar, divided into two sections by a cornice with denticulation. The walls below the cornice are rusticated while the walls above are smooth. The south wall only has one opening, the staircase from the banking room. The north wall is symmetrical with three arches from east to west: the staircase from the banking room, a blind opening, and a doorway to another room. The leftmost arch contains a rectangular opening with a lintel, above which is a window within the archs architrave. The mezzanine&#39;s ceiling has hexagonal and triangular coffers; the ribs between the coffers have a rope motif painted onto them. Three painted bronze chandeliers hang from the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Leading off the mezzanine were executive offices with decorations from the Barnet Phillips Company. The meeting rooms of the executive offices had double-height beamed ceilings, as well as wood-paneled walls and ornate imitations of paintings. There were also large fireplaces with torchères on either side. According to one of Barnet Phillipss brochures, the ceilings were inspired by Florences Palazzo Davanzati.</p><br>
<h3>Other interior spaces</h3><br>
<p>The top four floors originally contained offices that were rented to other tenants.</p><br>
<p>The bank&#39;s basement contained vault doors weighing 60 ST each. The basement covers 15,000 ft2 and is used as a baseball and softball facility,</p><br>
<h4>Residences</h4><br>
<p>In 2006, the seven upper stories were converted into a residential condominium development known as Apple Bank Condo. The residential section of the building is accessed by its own entrance at 2112 Broadway, with a concierge area designed by Beyer Blinder Belle. There are 29 apartments in the building, each with a different arrangement. The apartments have one to four bedrooms and range from 1360 to 4055 ft2. The top two stories of the building contain six duplex units. The residential units also have a shared exercise room, laundry service, and pet shower. Because the bank at ground level remains active, there is no mailroom or basement storage room, and mail carriers deliver mail directly to the residents. In addition, the exercise room and the residential lobby each take up only 1,000 ft2.</p><br>
<p>In each apartment, the floors are made of dark wood, while the kitchens have flecked-granite surfaces. The apartments below the duplexes have 13 ft ceilings and are illuminated by 8.5 ft windows. Each of the duplexes has an interior courtyard, which corresponds to the locations of the ceiling trusses inside.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The German Savings Bank was founded in 1859 and was originally housed in the Cooper Union Building in the East Village of Manhattan. The original name reflected the banks clientele, the largely German population of the East Village. Each savings bank in New York was limited to one location until 1923, when the state legislature passed a law allowing savings banks to construct branches. The Central Savings Banks directors organized a special committee to determine the feasibility of opening a new branch, as well as possible sites for such a branch.</p><br>
<h3>Development</h3><br>
<p>By July 1923, the bank&#39;s special committee had identified a site bounded by Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and 73rd and 74th Streets; bank president Hubert Cellis said it was "the choicest location on the West Side". In November 1923, the Central Savings Bank acquired the Sherman Apartments on the north side of 73rd Street, occupying the entire 69 ft frontage between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, for the construction of an uptown bank branch. The bank paid James Butler and Peter McDonnell $1 million for the site. The Central Savings Bank then decided to pause its acquisitions, as there were tenants on the block whose leases did not expire until 1926. The bank signed a lease for a temporary branch at 77th Street and Broadway in March 1924.</p><br>
<p>The Central Savings Bank planned to restart its land acquisitions in July 1925, but the process was delayed by Celliss death the next month. Meanwhile, Adolph Koppel had become the banks new president and August Zinsser was appointed the vice president. The two men led a new-building committee, which released a detailed report of the new building in March 1926, including a 70 to 80 ft banking room, which had been envisioned for three years. York and Sawyer created the designs for the new bank building, which the banks directors approved. Zinsser became the banks president and continued to oversee the development of the new building. York and Sawyer submitted plans for the bank building to the New York City Department of Buildings in December 1926.</p><br>
<p>Zinsser hired Spencer, White & Prentis, Inc. to clear the site and excavate foundations in January 1927. The Central Savings Bank gave craftsmanship awards to 15 mechanics involved in the building&#39;s construction in March 1928. By that July, the National Park Bank had opened a branch in the building, and Wood, Dolson & Co. were renting out the completed upper floors as offices. The structure had a total estimated cost of $6.5 million.</p><br>
<h3>1920s to 1970s</h3><br>
<p>The bank branch officially opened on December 8, 1928. Just prior to the buildings opening, $170 million of deposits held by the Central Savings Bank were moved from the Union Square branch to the new branch, using 16 armored cars guarded by 60 heavily armed policemen. Early office tenants included real estate developer Ralph Ciluzzi, J.S. Ansorge & Co., and the Rosalind Realty Company. Many of the tenants were medical offices and dentists. By its 75th anniversary in 1934, the Central Savings Bank had over $212 million in assets, and it was New York states third-largest bank by number of depositors and the fifth-largest by value of deposits. The building also hosted events such as an exhibition of old toy banks in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The Chase National Bank operated a branch on the 74th Street side of the building by 1943. The bank submitted plans for a minor alteration of the building to the New York City Department of Buildings in 1947. Office tenants continued to occupy the Central Savings Bank Building, including the Atlantic District of the Lutheran Church in America, real-estate developer Arturo A. Campagna, and real-estate firm Mark Rafalsky & Co. in the 1950s and 1960s. Upon the banks centennial in 1959, the New York City government presented the building with a scroll in 1959, recognizing the banks "service to local economic welfare" by teaching local students about "thrift". Also in 1959, the banks basement was flooded when a water main in the adjacent IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line subway tunnel broke. A sign displaying the time and temperature was mounted onto the southern facade of the building in 1961. Over the years, Yellins ironwork for the bank building was neglected, as the Central Savings Bank was indifferent about maintaining the iron decorations.</p><br>
<p>The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) proposed designating the buildings facade and the banking rooms interior as landmarks in 1974. The LPC had gained the authority to grant interior landmark statuses the previous year, and the Central Savings Bank was the first bank interior that the LPC considered. However, bank officials were skeptical that the interior had architectural or historical significance. The Central Savings Bank Building&#39;s facade was designated as a landmark on January 28, 1975, along with the neighboring Verdi Square; the New York City Board of Estimate ratified the designations that March.</p><br>
<h3>1980s to present</h3><br>
<p>By the early 1980s, the Central Savings Bank was struggling financially and the Manhattan Savings Bank proposed taking over. At the time, the 2100 Broadway branch served as the Central Savings Banks headquarters, and the bank had seven other locations in Manhattan and on Long Island. In 1981, the Central Savings Bank was merged into the Harlem Savings Bank, which had eight locations in Manhattan and on Long Island. The Harlem Savings Bank retained headquarters at 205 East 42nd Street, and 2100 Broadway became a neighborhood branch. To reflect its geographic expansion, the bank changed its name to Apple Bank in May 1983. The time-and-temperature sign on the facade was temporarily removed so the banks new name could be installed. with officials citing the buildings importance as "Manhattans only free-standing bank building". Office tenants such as Siris/Coombs Architects continued to take up the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Apple Bank Building continued to host events, including a 1988 display of planned skyscrapers on the Upper West Side and a 1989 auction of artwork to fund protests against Donald Trumps proposed development of the nearby Trump City. With the closure or downsizing of bank branches in the late 20th century, the LPC proposed designating several major bank interiors in 1990, including the Apple Bank Building, the Manufacturers Hanover Building, and the Greenwich Savings Bank Building. Apple Bank had retained the banking rooms original design; in one case, the bank declined to place bulletproof glass on the tellers&#39; counter because that would have required removing the wrought-iron screens. Even so, the LPC designated the banking room as an interior landmark on December 21, 1993.</p><br>
<p>Apple Banks sole owner Stanley Stahl died in 1999, but the Stahl Organization retained an ownership interest in the banks operation. In 2004, Apple Bank indicated that it would let the leases of the building&#39;s office tenants lapse.</p><br>
<p>Condo sales launched in July 2006, with prices ranging from $1.8 million to $6.7 million. Two-fifths of the condos had gone into contract by the end of the year. and basketball player Emeka Okafor, who bought a condo in 2013. The condominium conversion was completed in 2007, with some units selling for $4 million. Meanwhile, the bank branch at the buildings base remained in operation, even as the citys other massive banking rooms were converted into banquet halls or residential lobbies.</p><br>
<h2>Reception</h2><br>
<p>When the Central Savings Bank Building was completed, The New York Times described it as one of Broadway&#39;s "finest commercial structures". Architecture and Building characterized the building as "an ornament to its location". Conversely, George S. Chappell wrote in The New Yorker that he found the southern elevation to be "rather distressing", saying: "I had the feeling that it was intended to be square but had been pushed out of alignment".</p><br>
<p>In the late 20th century, David W. Dunlap of the Times wrote: "To call the Apple Bank for Savings a neighborhood branch bank is like calling Grand Central Terminal a commuter train station."</p><br>
<p>The Luther Burbank Elementary School  is a former school building located at 15600 East State Fair Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022. The school in a notable example of a Detroit Art Deco Public School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The east side neighborhoods of Detroit near this school were quickly developed in the late 1920s. In response, an elementary school was established in a temporary structure in 1930. The school board engaged the firm of Van Leyen, Schilling & Keough to design a permanent building, which was opened in 1931. The completed structure was named in honor of horticulturalist Luther Burbank. The surrounding neighborhood continued to grow, with the school serving 379 students from kindergarten to eighth grade by 1938. In response, the school expanded, first into temporary buildings, and then, in 1944, into a single-story addition connected to the main school. A second story was added in 1946, and a further addition containing a gymnasium in 1949.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the school was designated a junior high, serving students in grades six through nine. It continued as such through the rest of the century. In 1992, a final addition was made to the rear of the school; unusual in that this addition was made during a time when the Detroit Public Schools were suffering from declining enrollment. In 2001, the name of the school was changed to Dorothy Fisher Magnet School, and the next year the Heilmann middle school was built next door. The Burbank School was closed in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Burbank School is a two-story U-shaped Art Deco school building. It sits on a concrete foundation, and has a flat roof. The walls are constructed of multi-shaded brown brick, laid in a decorative pattern. The walls are detailed with light gray limestone. The bays are divided using vertical piers constructed of molded and rounded brick capped with terra cotta shaped in stylized Art Deco motifs. Bays contain regularly arranged window openings containing original multi-light steel-framed windows. Both of the principal facades contain projecting central entrance bays with the name "BURBANK SCHOOL" above the door opening. Below this name panel and to its sides are sculpted elements by Corrado Parducci, consisting of a small owl flanked by stylized Art Deco floral patterns and griffin at each end.</p><br>
<p>The "Batesville Mounds"  in Panola County, Mississippi are the conial archeological remains of a culture of indigenous people who flourished in North America. The mounds appear to have served as both habitation and burial sites. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Mound builders</h2><br>
<p>For centuries, hypotheses have existed about the origins of the mounds ranged from the theory of central Mexico&#39;s indigenous people building the mounds, to the work of foreign refugees escaping one disaster or another, or to the work of ancient lost tribes. It was the Smithsonian Institution that conducted 13 years of research, ending in 1894, that verified north American indigenous people constructed the mounds.</p><br>
<p>The mound builders were a variety of pre-Columbian cultures who inhabited the areas of the Great Lakes, the Ohio River Valley, and the Mississippi River valley. Rather than the wigwam of much of the plains peoples, or the pueblo culture of the American southwest, the mound builders created giant earthwork communities. Thousands of mounds have been discovered throughout the continent. Researchers found that the builders had an organized social structure, and charted the cosmos.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>Mounds A, B, C, D and E were discovered by Calvin Smith Brown in 1926. Believed to have been populated during the Woodland period common era, the mounds were examined and studied again in 1949, by archaeologist William G. Haag. In the ensuing decades, Mound E had ceased to exist. Speculation at the time was that the mound had been destroyed as a result of crop harvesting.</p><br>
<p>The Mississippi Department of Archives and History designated the Bateville mounds as an official Mississippi Landmark on March 23, 1989. Archeological excavations have suggested these specific mounds date to the Early to Middle Woodland period (500-1000 A.D).</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>In January 2018, the city of Batesville opened the site as a public park. Only B and C of the original mounds still exist.</p><br>
<p>The Wood House is a historic house located east of Cottonwood Falls in Chase County, Kansas. The house was built in the 1860s by politician Samuel Newitt Wood; while its construction date is not certain, Woods correspondence and real estate advertisements narrow the date to between 1864 and 1869. Wood was a member of the Kansas Territorial Legislature before Kansas statehood and both the Kansas Senate and Kansas House of Representatives afterwards; he was known for his support of the Free State cause, which opposed slavery in Kansas. He also served as Chase County attorney and pursued several local business ventures, including publishing the countys first newspaper. Wood sold the farm in 1874 and moved westward; he was ultimately killed in 1891 during the Stevens County seat war. The house passed to the Cartter family, who owned it through the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Case Farmstead, also known as the Daniel Case / Sarah Clark Case Farmstead, is a historic 88 acre farm located along County Route 614  near Pattenburg in Union Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1979, for its significance in architecture and medicine. The farmstead includes three contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The two and one-half story stone house was built with I-house design. Daniel Case and his wife Sarah moved in. Sarah Clark Case (1776–1859) was a nurse and midwife. In 1816, she earned a medical license, issued by the New Jersey Medical Society, and became the first licensed female physician in the county.</p><br>
<p>The Cartter Building is a historic commercial building at 303 Broadway in Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. Local businessman and rancher Dr. William H. Cartter had the building constructed in 1888. The two-story building housed Cartters grocery store on the first floor and had a meeting hall, which was used by the local Freemasons and Odd Fellows, on the second floor. Builder David Rettiger designed the stone building to match the neighboring Chase County National Bank, which he had built six years earlier. The buildings design includes a pedimented metal cornice, segmental arched windows, and stone banding; it originally featured an arcade along the storefront as well.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 23, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. John Vermeule House, also known as the Vermeule–Mundy House, is a historic building located at 223 Rock Avenue in Green Brook Township of Somerset County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 2013, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The vernacular frame Federal style house was built by Dr. John Vermeule (1768–1813), who had inherited the property from his grandfather, Cornelius Vermeule (1716–1784), a member of the Second Continental Congress in 1775. His father, Adrian Vermeule (1741–1777), was captured in January 1777 during the American Revolutionary War and died a prisoner of war in the sugar house prisons in New York City. Some timbers used to build the house have been dated to 1787 using dendrochronology. His son, John M. Vermeule (1801-1833), later inherited the property, but had to sell it in 1824 to James Vail (1773–1850). In 1855, it was purchased by Morris Cohen, who sold it in 1868 to land investors, Michael F. Marcley and Martin M. Thorn. A farmer, Abram Pool Voorhies (1845–19l2), was living here by 1900. Green Brook Township purchased the property from Gilbert I. Mundy in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Freedman&#39;s Bank Building, previously known as the Treasury Annex, is a historic office building located on the corner of Madison Place and Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C. It sits on the east side of Lafayette Square, a public park on the north side of the White House, and across from the Treasury Building. The adjoining properties include the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building to the north and the former Riggs National Bank to the east.</p><br>
<p>The current building is the third constructed on the site. The first, a house built in 1831, was later seized by the federal government during the Civil War. It was demolished and replaced with the elaborately decorated headquarters of Freedmans Savings Bank, established by Congress in 1865 for recently emancipated enslaved people and freedmen. Despite the banks initial success, the combination of mismanagement, fraud, and the Panic of 1873 resulted in the bank&#39;s failure and closure in 1874. Over 60,000 African Americans collectively lost the equivalent of $75 million. This caused a distrust of the government and banks for many generations.</p><br>
<p>The third and present building to be constructed on the site was the Treasury Annex, designed by Cass Gilbert in the Beaux-Arts style and completed in 1919. It was the first large building planned as part of a massive redevelopment of Lafayette Square. The McMillan Plan, which called for the demolition of all buildings on Madison Place and Jackson Place, was only partially completed in the Lafayette Square area. The other completed building, the USA Chamber of Commerce Building, was also designed by Gilbert.</p><br>
<p>The initial plan of eventually expanding the Treasury Annex to H Street NW never happened due to several factors. The construction of Federal Triangle, the work of early historic preservationists, and assistance from President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy meant several of the historic buildings on Madison Place were never demolished, and the Annex was never expanded. The Annex was renamed the Freedmans Bank Building in 2016 to mark the importance of the sites history.</p><br>
<p>The Freedman&#39;s Bank Building is a contributing property to the Lafayette Square Historic District, a National Historic Landmark, and the Financial Historic District. It is also listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites. The Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Treasury Library, and the main branch of the Treasury Department Federal Credit Union are housed in the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Previous site history</h3><br>
<p>Present-day Lafayette Square, a public park sited just north of the White House in Washington, D.C., was initially planned by Pierre Charles LEnfant as part of Presidents Park. President Thomas Jefferson later divided President&#39;s Park, with Lafayette Square becoming a separate park area north of the White House and The Ellipse south of the White House. During the 19th century, elegant houses built for prominent individuals were constructed along the western, northern, and eastern sides of Lafayette Square.</p><br>
<p>Soon after politician Richard Cutts and his wife, Anna, built their house on the northeast corner of the square, the one-block street Madison Place was created in the 1820s to link Pennsylvania Avenue NW with H Street NW. On the corner of Madison Place and Pennsylvania Avenue, Dr. James Gunnell built a five-story house in 1831 that was later rented to government employees. The house was seized by the federal government during the Civil War for military use.</p><br>
<h4>Freedman&#39;s Savings Bank</h4><br>
<p>Real estate prices increased considerably after the Civil War, and some houses on the square were converted to office space or rental properties. After the war, Gunnells house was demolished and replaced with the Freedmans Savings Bank, a private corporation established in 1865 by Congress for millions of recently emancipated enslaved people and previously emancipated freedmen to deposit their savings.</p><br>
<p>Until the building was completed in 1869, the bank&#39;s temporary headquarters was located at 19th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. The new building across from the White House and Treasury Building was built for $260,000 and designed by architects Norris Garshom Starkweather and Thomas M. Plowman. It was an elaborately decorated headquarters, with Frederick Douglass describing it as "one of the most costly and splendid buildings of the time."</p><br>
<p>Land just east of the square facing Pennsylvania Avenue had already become a popular location for financial institutions, owing to the fact the Treasury Building stood across the street. A Second Bank of the United States branch and adjacent cashier&#39;s house built on the northwest corner of 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue were later demolished and replaced with the Riggs National Bank and American Security and Trust Company Building.</p><br>
<p>The combination of mismanagement and fraud with the Panic of 1873 resulted in the failure of Freedmans Savings Bank, which had 37 branches in Washington, D.C., and 17 states. When the bank was closed by Congress in June 1874, 61,114 African Americans and African American-owned institutions lost their savings, totaling around $3 million, equivalent to over $75 million in 2022. This resulted in a deep distrust of banks and government institutions by some African Americans that lasted for generations. W. E. B. Du Bois went so far as to say the banks failure was more damaging to African Americans than an additional ten years of slavery; John Mercer Langston noted, "Perhaps the failure of no institution in the country...has ever wrought larger disappointment and more disastrous results to those interested in its creation."</p><br>
<p>Deposit insurance did not yet exist in the United States, so only around half of the bank&#39;s customers could receive part of their lost funds, which often took decades. The bank building sat empty until it was purchased by the federal government in 1882 and used as office space for the Justice Department and Court of Claims. The building was demolished in 1899, and the lot remained vacant for almost 20 years.</p><br>
<h3>Treasury Annex</h3><br>
<h4>Planning and construction</h4><br>
<p>In 1902 the McMillan Plan was created to change the design and layout of the monumental core and park system in Washington, D.C. The plan included radical changes to Lafayette Square, with all of the residential buildings to be demolished and replaced with monumental white marble buildings that would house federal offices. The design for Lafayette Square was inspired by the Place Vendôme in Paris.</p><br>
<p>At the time, this design was well-received by most people. Still, urban designer Elbert Peets would later note: "Purely as a matter of design, it is surely to be regretted that the residence scale and atmosphere of Lafayette Square cannot be maintained to connect the White House with the residence district of the city. It seems an ideal location of those unofficial White Houses, the national headquarters of clubs and societies - all of red brick, to preserve for the White House its dominance of scale and color."</p><br>
<p>Despite aspects of the McMillan plan being implemented in other parts of the city, changes to Lafayette Square did not occur until World War I. The Treasury Department needed additional office space, and plans were made to construct the Treasury Annex on the former Freedman&#39;s Bank site. The plan was for the first phase of the Annex to be built on the corner of Madison Place and Pennsylvania Avenue, with the remaining portion that would extend along Madison Place all the way to H Street. The building was designed to be enlarged at a later date.</p><br>
<p>On September 27, 1917, an Act of Congress provided funds for the building&#39;s construction and allowed the Treasury Secretary to "secure special architectural and expert services." The funds allocated for the new building, along with a tunnel underneath Pennsylvania Avenue connecting to the Treasury Building, was $1,250,000. There was much pressure to design a building worthy of its location across from the Treasury Building. Senator Frank B. Brandegee said if the new building had "no artistic finish at all", it would be a "public calamity" since it would stand across from the "finest example of pure Grecian art."</p><br>
<p>The architect chosen to design the Treasury Annex was Cass Gilbert (1859–1934), a friend of Treasury Secretary William Gibbs McAdoo. Gilbert&#39;s selection was praised by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). The plans were sent to the Treasury Department on January 14, 1918, and approved four days later. Construction began in April of that same year, and the building was completed in April 1919.</p><br>
<p>The Treasury Annex was one of only two components of the McMillan Plan completed in the Lafayette Square area. The second was the USA Chamber of Commerce Building, also designed by Cass, that was built in 1925 on the northern side of H Street across from the Decatur House. Like the Annex, the Commerce Building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style. The Chamber of Commerce built the headquarters there, thinking the rest of Lafayette Square would be redeveloped.</p><br>
<h4>Changes to Lafayette Square</h4><br>
<p>Expanding the Treasury Annex to H Street was still planned until the 1930s, when the federal government began constructing the massive Federal Triangle office complex southeast of the White House. The federal government purchased all of the buildings facing Lafayette Square after World War II, some of which were commercial buildings that had replaced houses. The General Services Administration wanted to raze all of these buildings, except the Treasury Annex, and replace them with a new courthouse on Madison Place and an executive office building on Jackson Place. The proposal was criticized by the AIA and the Committee of 100 on the Federal City, a private nonprofit organization that advocates historic preservation be taken into account in city planning.</p><br>
<p>By the 1950s, historic preservation had become a more popular idea with locals, and with the help of local activists and the Committee of 100, redevelopment plans were delayed. During the presidency of John F. Kennedy, he and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy were sympathetic to preserving the remaining historic buildings on Lafayette Square. With the assistance of architect John Carl Warnecke, a plan was created to preserve the remaining buildings. More recently constructed buildings were demolished and replaced with buildings like surviving historic houses. The New Executive Office Building was built behind the properties facing Jackson Place, and the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building was built behind the properties facing Madison Place, adjacent to the Treasury Annex. Since then, the same concept has been replicated in numerous designs in Washington, D.C., preserving many historic buildings.</p><br>
<h4>Historic landmark and renaming</h4><br>
<p>On November 8, 1964, the Treasury Annex was added to the newly created District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites. On August 29, 1970, the building was designated a contributing property to the Lafayette Square Historic District, a National Historic Landmark. Other prominent buildings in the historic district include the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, the Blair House, the Hay–Adams Hotel, the Renwick Gallery, and St. Johns Episcopal Church. When the Fifteenth Street Financial Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, the Treasury Annex was omitted. The historic districts boundary was later increased on January 12, 2017, and the Annex was designated a contributing property in the renamed Financial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>To mark the 150th anniversary of the Freedmans Savings Banks charter, officials from the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland held a series of panels in 2015. That December Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced the building would be renamed the following month: "Naming the Freedmans Bank Building recognizes an institution that symbolized a new future for African-Americans. The legacy of Freedmans Bank also serves as a reminder that we must continue striving for greater financial inclusion for all Americans – particularly those in underserved and minority communities – so that they can share in the benefits of our growing economy."</p><br>
<p>The renaming ceremony occurred on January 7, 2016, with a commemorative plaque on the buildings exterior. The ceremony included remarks from Secretary Lew, civil rights activist and politician Andrew Young, and businessman Alden J. McDonald Jr., president of Liberty Bank and Trust. Young stated: "The history of the Freedmans Bank is a significant part of our economic legacy. When we look at the history of the African American integration into America, the one thing thats been most difficult for us is to desegregate the money. To desegregate, to get the right to vote in a democracy, and not have access to capital is to only be halfway free. And weve always known that."</p><br>
<h2>Usage and design</h2><br>
<p>The Freedman&#39;s Bank Building houses office space for the Office of Foreign Assets Control, the Treasury Library, and the main branch of the Treasury Department Federal Credit Union. Security for the property and surrounding area in the White House vicinity is provided by the Secret Service.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style, which complements the Treasury Buildings neoclassical design and the USA Chamber of Commerce Buildings Beaux-Arts design, though the latter features more ornate exterior details. The main entrance to the building is located on Madison Place. When it was built, there was a street grade difference of 9 ft between Pennsylvania Avenue and H Street.</p><br>
<p>Since the original plan was for the Annex to eventually be expanded north to H Street, the first floor facing Pennsylvania Avenue was built higher. A granite terrace was built along the sides, adding to the setback required by planners. The southern and western faces of the building are made of Indiana limestone. The windows on the first floor feature wrought iron grilles; the third-and-fourth-floor windows display ornamental iron spandrels between them.</p><br>
<p>There are six floors in the building. The fifth floor is at the same level as the entablature, resulting in the top two floors being obscured from street level by that and a parapet. The basement level includes offices, mechanical rooms, and a tunnel connecting the Treasury Building across the street. It originally included segregated bathrooms for African American cleaning staff.</p><br>
<p>Mountain View Officers Club, built in 1942, is a historic structure that originally served as an officers club for African American soldiers stationed at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. It was long vacant, but was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017 and there have been plans for its renovation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort Huachuca had the highest number of African American soldiers at any military installation in the United States between the years of 1892 and 1946.</p><br>
<p>In 1942, the Mountain View Officers Club was one of 1,400 buildings built to accommodate Fort Huachucas Black infantry divisions. The club is the fort&#39;s only surviving recreational facility from this time.</p><br>
<p>The club was vacated in 1998 and has since faced multiple threats of demolition.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration efforts</h2><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017 as a result of two years of discussions between the USA Army authorities at Fort Huachuca, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office, the Arizona Preservation Foundation, the Tucson Historic Preservation Foundation, and other consulting parties.</p><br>
<p>The listing included one contributing building and four contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, Arizona State Parks and Trails received $500,000 from the National Park Service’s African American Civil Rights Fund for the purpose of restoring the club. The National Trust for Historic Preservation&#39;s African-American Cultural Heritage Action Fund has also supported restoration efforts with a 2018 grant. Additional financial supporters have included the Pascua Yaqui tribe and Buffalo Soldier organizations.</p><br>
<p>In January 2023, Fort Huachuca signed a programmatic agreement for the rehabilitation of the Mountain View Officers&#39; Club. A viable plan to rehabilitate the building as a Range Operations Synchronization Center is moving forward and has been submitted for Army funding consideration. The rehabilitation plan also provides exhibit space for consulting parties to tell the story of the Black World War II military experience.</p><br>
<p>The Chase County National Bank is a historic bank building at 301 Broadway in Cottonwood Falls, Chase County, Kansas. The bank was established in 1882 by a group of local businessmen; A. S. Howard was its first president, and eight others sat on its initial board of directors. While the bank took up temporary residence in a drugstore for its first few months of operation, its directors began construction on a dedicated building shortly after forming, and the bank building opened on December 10, 1882. Local stonemason David Rettiger designed the two-story building, which features segmental arched windows, stone stringcourses, and a cornice at the roof line. Rettiger used a matching design for the 1888 Cartter Building, which is across the street from the bank. The bank failed in 1928 due to an embezzlement case against its president and poor management, leading to a bank run. The building has since housed insurance and real estate companies, the Farm Bureau, a World War II ration office, the Chase County Historical Society, and a second bank.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Clover Cliff Ranch House is a historic house on USA Route 50 4 mi southwest of Elmdale, Kansas. While the oldest portion of the house dates to the 1860s, the majority of it was built in 1883 by Jacob Ramer Blackshere. A West Virginia native who settled in Kansas in the 1860s, Blackshere experimented with farming different crops in his new home; he became one of the first large-scale alfalfa farmers in the state. He was also active in local Democratic Party politics, serving as county commissioner for two years, and helped found the Chase County National Bank. The house has an Italian Villa-inspired design with a rough stone exterior, smooth stone quoins along the edges and windows, and an entablature and frieze along the hipped roof. Blackshere lived in the house until his death in 1894, and the house remained in his family until his wifes death in 1911. The Prather family, who purchased the house from Blacksheres son, enlarged the house&#39;s front porch and added its back porch.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Clements Stone Arch Bridge is a historic bridge across the Cottonwood River.5 mi southeast of Clements, Kansas. The bridge was built in 1886 by L. P. Santy and Company of Clements, who contracted with the Chase County commission to build it for $12,000. The 175 ft bridge is composed of two stone arches rising 40 ft above the river. The stone used for the bridge was quarried in Clements, as Santy and Co. also operated a quarry; the use of local materials allows the bridge to match its natural surroundings. The bridge&#39;s nomination to the National Register of Historic Places described it as "a masterpiece of design and stone construction" and "one of the most handsome bridges in the state".</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood River Bridge is a historic bridge across the Cottonwood River at the north edge of Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. The bridge was built in 1914 by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company, who bid $13,700 for its contract. It is 207 ft long and rises 25.5 ft above the river. Lead builder F. L. Rice used a concrete spandrel arch plan for the bridge, a contemporary design which has since fallen out of use. The bridge is currently closed to vehicle traffic and is used as a fishing site for a local park.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 2, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood River Pratt Truss Bridge is a historic bridge which carries Main Street across the Cottonwood River in Cedar Point, Kansas, USA. The single-span Pratt truss bridge was built in 1916 by the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company. Locals proposed a bridge along a western extension of Main Street in 1914, but construction did not begin until late 1915 due to negotiations over its price; the county initially received no bids for the bridge after underestimating its cost, and it rejected every bid in the second round until the Missouri Valley Company dropped theirs to $8,750. The bridge is 142 ft long, 17 ft wide and is 32.5 ft above the river. The Pratt truss design, with vertical and center-facing diagonal beams, was commonly used at the time due to its stability. The Cottonwood River bridge is one of roughly 800 examples of the type in Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Fox Creek Stone Arch Bridge is a historic bridge across Fox Creek northwest of Strong City in Chase County, Kansas. The bridge was built in 1898 by B. Landry and Sons, who contracted with the Chase County government to build it for $2,000. The company built the bridge using limestone from a local quarry and arranged it in a single stone arch. The bridge is 55 ft long and 20 ft wide. It has carried county road traffic since its opening and is also part of the Community Connection Trail, which links Strong City with Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Central Railroad Middleville Depot is a former railroad depot constructed for the Michigan Central Railroad. It is located at 128 High Street in Middleville, Michigan. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1869, the Michigan Central Railroad constructed a line from Jackson to Grand Rapids that ran through Middleville. A depot was constructed in the town the next year to service both passengers and freight. However, by the turn of the century the old depot proved inadequate, and a new (current) Middleville railway station was constructed in 1906. However, as the automobile became more ubiquitous, the use of trains decreased. The Middleville station saw daily passenger service decline from five trains per day in the 1920s to only one by 1955. Passenger service was discontinued in 1959, and freight operations ceased in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The station was sold to a private owner in 1979, and by 1983 the tracks had been abandoned. In 2002 the depot was acquired by Thornapple</p><br>
<p>Township, and in 2017 the village of Middleville acquired ownership. As of 2021, the village plans to rehabilitate the structure.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Middleville Depot is a single-story red brick Prairie style structure with a low-pitched hip roof and widely overhanging eaves. It is rectangular, measuring approximately twenty-five feet by fifty feet, and is six bays long. The upper portion of the walls are constructed from red brick, while the lower section of the walls are darker made from a darker red/black brick, and flare outwards slightly. Separating the sections is a stone belt course. The main entrance is located on the streetside elevation, and opposite there is a single-bay projection toward what was formerly the trackside.</p><br>
<p>The Downs Carnegie Library in Downs, Kansas is a Carnegie library which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A library association was organized in 1903 to seek a Carnegie Foundation grant. It received a $6,140 grant in 1905.</p><br>
<p>The one-story red brick building was designed by architect A. T. Simmons of Bloomington, Illinois in an eclectic style. It has a raised rusticated limestone block foundation. It was completed around 1906, and is about 50x30 ft in plan.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register as part of a study on Carnegie libraries in Kansas.</p><br>
<p>As of 2022, it is still the Downs public library.</p><br>
<p>The Craig House is the name of a restored colonial era farmhouse in western Monmouth County, New Jersey, which was located on the site of the Battle of Monmouth during the Revolutionary War in June 1778. Utilized during the battle by the British Army as a hospital, it is one of many 18th century farmhouses that have been preserved at Monmouth Battlefield State Park. The Craig House is located in Freehold Township. Monmouth Battlefield is administered by the New Jersey State Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Colonial history</h3><br>
<p>In 1664, the Duke of York (later James II & VII) granted the Monmouth Tract to Sir George Carteret and various Scottish Presbyterian and English Quaker settlers, fleeing religious persecution at home. In 1693, along with Middletown and Shrewsbury, Freehold was established by act of legislature as one of the three original townships in Monmouth County.</p><br>
<p>Among the first Scottish settlers in modern-day western Monmouth County was John Craig Sr. (ca. 1650–1724) of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, who settled with his family in 1685. He acquired in 1695 a plot of land named by locals as "Topinemes".</p><br>
<p>John Sr.&#39;s son Archibald Craig (1678-1751) bought the premises of what would be the Craig Farmstead in 1720. His son Samuel (1708–1746) inherited the farm in 1744 and set out to construct what would be the Craig House in 1746.</p><br>
<p>Samuel unfortunately died later in 1746, with the ownership of the farm reverting to his father Archibald. When Archibald died in 1751, he bequeathed the estate to his grandson (and Samuel&#39;s son) John Jr. (1737-1824), however he was not of adult age to take claim his inheritance. The farm had to been rented out to tenants until John Jr. turned 21 in 1758.</p><br>
<p>Sometime around 1770, John Jr., now married to his wife Ann Craig (1739-1824) with a child, had added an addition to the house. He added a two-story Georgian style section adjacent to the older single-story Dutch style section of the house. This brought the house to its modern proportions and to what it would&#39;ve looked like at the time of the Battle of Monmouth, roughly seven years later.</p><br>
<h3>American Revolutionary War</h3><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, John Craig was in the Continental Army. This left his wife Ann as the sole protector of their property during the battle. Once it became clear that the British were heading towards Monmouth, she escaped with her child, two slaves, and her household goods to Upper Freehold, New Jersey. Ann decided not to take her prized possessions of silver and gold, out of fears that it would weigh her down on that treacherous journey. She instead placed them underneath the open well. She hid her buckets and chain in the hay mow in the barn. During that battle, the abandoned Craig House was quartered by the British and utilized as a hospital.</p><br>
<p>As the family returned after the battle, they were stunned to see that the house was miraculously still standing but also equally saddened that their hidden prized possessions had vanished. Thankfully, the iron kettle that the jewelry were placed in to hide under the well has been preserved.</p><br>
<p>British soldiers were buried at the Craig House&#39;s premises.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>With the house left intact, the family were able to continue farming for 50 years after the battle. John Craig, Jr. died in 1824, his inheritance was divided amongst his children, Jonathan (who received a half of the share) and his daughters Amelia and Mary (whom both inherited one-quarter share each). When Mary died in 1839, Jonathan and his brother Samuel (who inherited property in New York) legally granted full ownership of the property to Amelia and her husband Peter Bowne. Amelia and Peter birthed a daughter, Anna Maria Bowne. Anna married Enoch L. Cowart, birthed a son named Samuel Craig Cowart in 1854, and inherited the property upon her mother&#39;s death in 1855.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Craig Cowart (1854-1943), was active in the community. Hailing from Freehold Borough, New Jersey, he was a prestigious lawyer. A charter member of the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, he had a deep passion for history. When his mother Anna Maria died in 1898, the property was bequeathed to his father Enoch, before being passed down to Samuel upon Enochs death in 1908. While despite Samuel not residing in the Craig House (he would rent it out to tenant farmers) he was still very enamored with the homesteads rich history and the role it played during the Battle of Monmouth. The iron kettle that held the legendary jewelry of his ancestors was actually retrieved and restored by Samuel. After Samuels death in 1943, his widowed wife sold the farm to Ernest Tark, whom used what he renamed as Battleground Farm&#39; to hire migrants to cultivate the agriculture. The farmland was maintained but the home itself deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>The State of New Jersey acquired the house in 1965. It is a contributing property of the Monmouth Battlefield State Park, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The Craig House was restored to its Revolutionary War era appearance in 1993 (thanks in part to the advocacy of preserving historic structures at Monmouth Battlefield, by the ). The home reopened that same year as a museum, and remains a notable fixture at Monmouth Battlefield. The museum is located near Schibanoff Park and Ride on USA Route 9.</p><br>
<p>Despite the restoration in 1993, the home has not been maintained that much since. There have been calls to restore the home again, especially with the 250th anniversary of American independence fast approaching. Historian and President of the Friends of Monmouth Battlefield society Dr. David G. Martin, has expressed concern for all of the structures on the Battlefields premises, but is particularly concerned for the Craig House and thinks that should be the beneficiary of any grants from the state. For the time being, the homes rustic charm still invokes a calling to the area&#39;s colonial agrarian past.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Craig House – Open on Sundays from 1-4PM (as of 2022)</p><br>
<p>Barn – Closed to the public</p><br>
<p>Marywood Academy, also known as the Sisters of the Order of Saint Dominic Motherhouse Complex, is a complex of religious and educational buildings located at 2025 Fulton Street East in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Sisters of the Order of Saint Dominic arrived in Grand Rapids in 1899, and operated a home for orphans. In 1900, they opened Sacred Heart Academy for girls in a private home near the downtown. Enrollment bloomed at the academy, and by 1913 the order realized it needed more space. In 1917, the land for the current complex was purchased, and in 1918 the Order met with the architectural firm of E. Brielmaier & Sons to discuss plans for a new building. In 1919 they contracted the firm John McNabb & Son to construct the new building; excavation began that year and the building&#39;s cornerstone was laid in June 1921. The academy opened in September 1922.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, the school changed its name to Marywood Academy. Over the next few decades, enrollment grew at the school, with a high point reached in the 1950s of around 330 students. A separate hall was built in 1953 and another wing was added to the building in 1954. However, after that enrollment began to steadily decline; in 1971 the Academy opened to boys in the younger grades. Even so, in 1974 enrolment in the academy&#39;s high school was only 84 students. The high school closed in 1974, and the elementary school in 1989. Some sisters continued to live in the complex, operating a day care and health center.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, the Dominican Sisters decided to redevelop the campus to provide affordable housing for senior citizens. In 2022 the remaining sisters moved out.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Sisters of the Order of Saint Dominic Motherhouse Complex contains six buildings. The oldest and most significant structure is the 1921 Motherhouse. The Motherhouse is a four-story U-shaped Neoclassical building with Italian Renaissance detailing. The front facade has a central bay featuring a limestone columned porte-cochere leading to the main doors. The windows are arranged in multiples of two, three, four or five. The Italian Renaissance detailing includes limestone cornices, composite column capitals, flat lintels, spandrels with carved rosettes, arcaded window divisions, rounded arches, and decorative central keystones.</p><br>
<p>Payne-Gentry House is a historic one story, red brick, vernacular-style cottage home located in Bridgeton, St. Louis County, Missouri. It was built in 1870. The Payne-Gentry house contains the only surviving historic Missouri house with a restored doctor’s office from the 19th century period. The house has six entrances and a gable roof. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1870 as a summer residence for Elbridge Payne and his family. Eventually it became the permanent residence of the Payne-Gentry family. Elbridge&#39;s son, William Payne, became the town doctor and operated out of the Payne-Gentry house. The doctor office is the oldest surviving doctor office in Missouri.</p><br>
<p>Elbridges daughter, Mary Lee Payne Gentry, became the school mistress for the towns one room schoolhouse.</p><br>
<p>The home was owned by the heirs of the Payne-Gentry family until 1968 when the city of Bridgeton bought the home. Bridgeton made the land around the home part of Gentry Park, a municipal park with a local reactional center and swimming pool</p><br>
<p>The home is only open for tours on the first Sunday of every month between 1-4PM.</p><br>
<p>The Jacksonville Jewish Center was formed by Orthodox Jewish families in Jacksonville, Florida. The congregation incorporated as the Hebrew Orthodox Congregation B&#39;nai Israel in 1901. The congregation grew and a synagogue was built at the corner of Jefferson and Duval Streets in 1907.</p><br>
<p>In 1927 a larger building was built at the corner of Third and Silver Streets in Springfield. It was named the Jacksonville Jewish Center. The center expanded over the next 35 years. By 1959 there were three large buildings, housing a sanctuary, with a chapel, library, social hall, school, auditorium, offices, and other meeting rooms. In 1963 the center started moving to a new site at 3662 Crown Point Road in Mandarin. The official move to the new location occurred in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Jacksonville Job Corps used the old facilities for some time. The historic center was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 and added to the list in 2021. There was a fire in the original building in 2011 and it was demolished. The cornerstone of the building was saved and moved to Klutho Park on the other side of Third Street.</p><br>
<p>Amoretti, Welty, Helmer & Co Bank is a historic building located in the town of Dubois, Fremont County, Wyoming. Built-in 1911–13, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frank A. Welty Sr. and others built the one-story bank in 1911–13. The structure of the building features a flat roof and a short parapet and it is built with locally sourced red sandstone. The banks construction began in 1911, and it opened for business in 1913. As the town of Duboiss first bank, it acted as a hub for financial activities and investment. The bank was operated by the town&#39;s founder Frank A. Welty and bankers, Ernest B. Helmer and Eugene Amoretti Jr.</p><br>
<p>Carroll Rosenwald School is a historical school building located at Rock Hill, York County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Carroll Rosenwald School is a three-classroom frame structure located seven miles southwest of Rock Hill in York County. From 1929, the school served the African American community in the Ogden area of York County. It closed its doors permanently in 1954, but a restoration effort began in 2001, and was completed by 2004. It now serves as a place to teach students the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>It was one of over 5,300 building built by and for African-American communities.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Wilcox House is an historic home located on Atkins Street in the Highland Historic District of Middletown, Connecticut.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1774 by Joseph Wilcox, one of the earliest settlers in Westfield, with additions constructed in 1812 and 1870, and the house remained in the Wilcox family until the 1970s. It features a traditional New England center-chimney colonial design and is, according to the National Register of Historic Places, “one of the finest and most complete interiors in the town. Its many original features constitute an outstanding historic resource: the paneling, pilasters, cupboards, and grained wainscot illustrate the breadth of early American craftsmanship.”</p><br>
<p>The wing containing a summer kitchen with attached buttery and pantry was added in 1812 and features original hand-painted trompe l’oeil wainscotting and a fireplace with a beehive oven. A silver forge in the basement of the 1812 wing recalls the Wilcox family history of silversmithing and metallurgy; Joseph Wilcox’s grandson, Horace Wilcox, started his career peddling tin ware from the basement under the house’s summer kitchen but went on to found the Meriden Britannia Silver Company and was almost single-handedly responsible for Meriden’s nickname “The Silver City” (3). The ell was added in 1870 and includes a room that was used as overflow housing for hotel guests from a resort across the street (since demolished) and factory workers from the nearby Wilcox silver manufactory. The northeast parlor’s original features include a corner shell cupboard, paneled wainscoting, an elaborately paneled fireplace wall, five-panel doors with strap hinges, and the original wide floorboards.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Wilcox Cemetery contains the graves of generations of Wilcoxes from the eighteenth through twenty-first centuries.</p><br>
<p>The house was on the market in 2012 and again in 2022, and was sold June 8, 2022.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>It was deemed one of the best examples of a central-chimney plan house in Middletown.</p><br>
<p>The house is a contributing building in the historic district, which was listed on the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<p>It was highlighted in a short New York Times article in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Clinton Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church  is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church located at Union, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Clinton Chapel was built in 1893 and expanded in 1948 during a period of growth for the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and the consolidation of Jim Crow segregation.</p><br>
<p>Added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 12, 2020.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Zion Institute High School is a historic school complex  located at Winnsboro, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was constructed on a land which was donated in 1777 to Mt. Zion Society for establishing Mt. Zion Institute. It was envisioned as a preparatory school in the Upstate for the sons of "wealthy planters" throughout South Carolina. Closed in 1780 by occupying British forces, it was reopened in 1784 under the leadership of Rev. Thomas McCaule, a Presbyterian minister trained at the College of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>In 1878, the school converted from a private academy to a public school, becoming the Upstate&#39;s first public school and the second outside of Charleston.</p><br>
<p>The current structures, all constructed by 1936, include an elementary school, a high school, a cafeteria, a gymnasium, an auditorium, and a teacherage (seen below). The elementary school building, constructed in 1922, was destroyed by fire in 1981. The other buildings continued to serve Winnsboro&#39;s students until 1990. At the time of closure, it was the site of Mt. Zion Elementary school.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, the Fairfield County Council voted to renovate the building with the hope of utilizing it for administrative buildings for the county. Costs were estimated at approximately $8.9 million. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>James Henry Carlisle, former president of Wofford College</p><br>
<p>William Porcher DuBose, American priest</p><br>
<p>William McMillan, Delegate to the 6th United States Congress from the Northwest Territory</p><br>
<p>David R. Evans, USA House Representative from South Carolina (1813–1815)</p><br>
<p>John Taylor, 51st Governor of South Carolina (1826–1828)</p><br>
<p>John Hugh Means, 64th Governor of South Carolina (1850–1852)</p><br>
<p>David Wyatt Aiken, USA House Representative from South Carolina (1877–1887)</p><br>
<p>John Bratton, USA House Representative from South Carolina (1884–1885)</p><br>
<p>States Rights Gist, Confederate Army brigadier general during the American Civil War</p><br>
<p>The North Fork Solomon River Lattice Truss Bridge, now located on a golf course just southeast of Norton County, Kansas, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 when at its original location on a road near Lenora, Kansas, and its registration was updated in 2008 to address its relocation.</p><br>
<p>It is a single-span 40 ft-long metal lattice truss bridge fabricated by the Canton Bridge Co.</p><br>
<p>It now crosses a tributary of Prairie Dog Creek on the Prairie Dog Golf Course, a nine-hole golf course.</p><br>
<p>It was originally located on Road W7, approximately 0.1 miles south of its intersection with Road BB (aka 15 S), approximately 1.5 mi west of the town of Lenora, at 39.60841&deg; latitude, -100.03028&deg; longitude. When originally listed the bridge&#39;s road had little traffic and the bridge was expected to survive indefinitely.</p><br>
<p>Its listing was consistent with standards set in a study of historic metal truss bridges in Kansas.</p><br>
<p>It was moved in 2006, and its National Register registration was amended in 2008 for its proposed relocation. Its 16 ft width and its load capacity were then deemed insufficient for traffic on its road.</p><br>
<p>It now serves golf carts and pedestrians traversing between holes #5 and #6 of the golf course, southeast of Norton in Norton County, Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The Whitney Ranch is a historic ranch in Chase County, Kansas, located southeast of the ghost town of Hymer. The ranch consists of a two-story limestone house, which was built circa 1883, and four smaller outbuildings: a wash house, privy, chicken coop, and carriage house. The Western Land and Cattle Company, an English land firm, established the ranch in 1882; the company was part of a wave of English investors hoping to make money in Great Plains ranching. The ranch initially both raised its own cattle and served as a waypoint for shipping cattle between the companys ranch in Hartley County, Texas and markets in Kansas City. Sidney E. Whitney became the ranchs manager in 1893, and when the company liquidated its ranches in 1900, he purchased a large section of the ranch that included its headquarters. In addition to ranching his own cattle, Whitney began leasing his land to cattle owners who shipped their cattle to market through Hymer&#39;s Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway station, a practice known as transient grazing. Whitney lived on the ranch until 1918, and his family continued to live there and operate the ranch until 1969.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Strong City Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Depot is a historic railway station at 102 W. Topeka Avenue in Strong City, Kansas. The station was built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway  in 1913 to replace the citys previous station. The ATSF first built a line through the city in 1872, bypassing the county seat of Cottonwood Falls. To honor the railroad, the city changed its name from Cottonwood Station to Strong City in 1881 for ATSF vice president William Barstow Strong. Strong Citys first railroad station was a simple wood building, and after a 1902 fire the town replaced it with a board-and-batten structure. In the early 1910s, the ATSF began replacing the stations in its most important stops with permanent brick buildings; the new stations were known as county-seat depots, as they typically served a county seat or the most important station in a county. The Strong City depot is typical of the ATSF&#39;s corporate architecture at the time and includes elements of the American Craftsman and Mission Revival styles. It served passenger trains until the late 1940s and continued to function as a railway office for many years afterward.</p><br>
<p>The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Minneola Manufacturing Company Cloth Warehouse  is a historic mill complex in Gibsonville, Guilford County, North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The complex is a single building, three-story, rectangular brick warehouse built in 1907. The warehouse was doubled in size in 1935 with the erection of a three-story brick expansion to the south of the original block. On the south elevation, the firm added a one-story brick packing room and loading dock in 1953. On the north elevation, a tiny two-story brick addition with bathrooms was constructed in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, it got listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The William C. & Jane Shaft House is a historic house at 1682 FP Road north of Clements, Kansas. The original house was built in 1857 by William C. Shaft and his son William H. the rest of the Shaft family, including his wife Jane, moved to the site later in the year, making them one of the first pioneer families in Chase County. William C. Shaft drowned the following year, and Jane attempted to return to the familys previous home in Michigan; however, her children convinced her to keep the family in Kansas. William and Janes five sons built a two-story addition to the house in 1868, engraving the cornerstone with Jane&#39;s name. The stone house has a vernacular gable front and wing plan, which was common in homes built in multiple stages. As there were few other buildings in the area, the Shaft family ran a post office in their home and hosted early community gatherings for other settlers.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis and Elizabeth Van Vleet House, also known as the Yee House, is a historic building located in the Eliot neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States, on the plat of the former town of Albina. Built in 1894, it was the home of Lewis Van Vleet , the United States Deputy Surveyor for the Pacific Northwest for 40 years, among other accomplishments. Starting in 1956, it was the home of Rozelle Jackson Yee , a leader in the African American community who was active in promoting neighborhood involvement in the redevelopment projects that vastly altered the Albina area in the latter half of the 20th century. The house is architecturally important as a high expression of the Queen Anne style with extensive stained glass windows from the prominent Povey Brothers Studio. It is one of relatively few vintage houses in Albina to survive the period of redevelopment projects.</p><br>
<p>The house was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Kuhrt Ranch in Shermanville Township in Sherman County, Kansas, near Edson, Kansas, dates from 1907. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Its main house was built around 1907 and was modified in 1934. It is termed to be Spanish Colonial-inspired.</p><br>
<p>The listing included three contributing buildings and a contributing structure. Another contributing building is a barn built, modified in 1933. The third is a machine shop dating from c. 1933. The contributing structure is an arched bridge built by Paul Kuhrt from plywood and metal, then poured concrete.</p><br>
<p>It has been stated that the ranch started in the 1880s as a one-room sod house which established Shermanville. "Even then, travelers found it a welcome respite and shelter on their journey. The property was purchased by William and Pauline Kuhrt in 1891, and renamed the Kuhrt Ranch, a landmark so noteworthy that it is today listed on the National Register of Historic Places."</p><br>
<p>Stone from the ranch&#39;s quarry was used to build a number of buildings in nearby Bird City, including the city hall and city park, both built as Works Progress Administration projects during the New Deal.</p><br>
<p>As of 2022 the property is listed as a "working farm and ranch resort" which is available for pheasant hunting and for turkey hunting. Economic development and members of the Kansas State University local extension have envisioned the ranch as a key example of agritourism in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Museum of the Southwest is a multidisciplinary cultural museum opened in 1966. It displays a selection of prints, paintings, and drawings. It also houses the Durham Children&#39;s Museum. The museum is situated in a mansion built in 1937 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Fred and Juliette Turner House</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by architect Anton F. Korn and was built during 1936–37.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibitions</h2><br>
<p>Out of Many, One: Portraits of America&#39;s Immigrants, January 2022</p><br>
<p>Away from the Earth: The Fort Worth Circle of Artists, February 2022</p><br>
<p>The McNee Barns are a pair of barns on a farm site along USA Route 50 3 mi southwest of Elmdale, Chase County, Kansas. The site includes a horse barn built circa 1920 and a boxcar barn built circa 1948, along with a stone fence and an Aermotor windmill. The latter barn was built with disused boxcars from the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway; such barns were common in the 1930s and 1940s, as poverty and war-related shortages inspired creative recycling of whatever was at hand. Four homesteaders settled the land in the 1860s, and the land passed through several hands before the Jeffrey family consolidated it into one property in 1896. After two more sales, Janet McNee took ownership of the farm in 1916; the McNee family has owned the property ever since and was responsible for building both barns. The family has rented the land to tenant farmers since they took ownership.</p><br>
<p>The barns were added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 25, 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood Falls Grade School is a historic school building at 401 Maple Street in Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. The two-and-a-half story stone building was built in three stages: the original 1904 building, an addition in 1915, and a second addition for a gymnasium in 1963. The 1904 school building was one of several public improvements built in Cottonwood Falls during the Progressive Era, and it was constructed through a combination of state funding and public bond issues; the latter were needed twice, as the county initially underestimated the schools cost. The school quickly outgrew its new building, and in 1915 the countys voters approved a $12,000 bond to build an addition onto the school. While the population of Cottonwood Falls stabilized over the next few decades, statewide school consolidation efforts and new education requirements in the 1950s forced the school to consider expansion again. After voting down a new school building in 1957, the school district approved a gymnasium addition in 1962 in response to a new state physical education standard; the addition was completed the following year. The school continued to operate until 2010, when it became a victim of consolidation itself and its students were sent to the grade school in nearby Strong City.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 28, 2021.</p><br>
<p>The Lazarus House is a historic house in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. It was built in 1886 for Frederick Lazarus Sr., president of the F&R Lazarus & Company, and was designed in the French Second Empire style. It has undergone numerous renovations since its construction, including for conversion into office space, into apartments, and back to predominantly single-family occupancy. The house is a contributing property of the East Town Street Historic District, on the National Register of Historic Places and Columbus Register of Historic Properties.</p><br>
<h2>Attributes</h2><br>
<p>The Lazarus House serves as an example for townhouses in the East Town Street Historic District, on the National Register of Historic Places. It was added to the district when created in 1976, and to the district under the Columbus Register of Historic Properties in 1982. Its mansard roof, gable dormers, and heavy metal cornice exemplify the Second Empire style. It has about, including an addition at the back of the house dating to the 1940s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1886 for Frederick Lazarus Sr., president of the F&R Lazarus & Company and son of company founder Simon Lazarus. The Lazarus family moved in about 1906 to a new and larger house at Bryden Road and S. Ohio Avenue; that house was demolished in 1924.</p><br>
<p>By 1976, the house held the office of a medical doctor, Henry B. Lacey. By 1979 Lacey had sold it to one of his students, Thomas Mallory, who used it for the offices of Joint Implant Surgeons Inc. and continued restoring the property. Beginning in 1982, it was renovated for office rental use by the Bernstein Group.</p><br>
<p>In 2013–2014, following concerns the house might be demolished, local restorationists Jeff Darbee and Nancy Recchie led a renovation funded by federal and state historic tax credits. The project restored many of the original features of the house, including the grand staircase and geometric wood flooring, and created three luxury apartments, and restoring many original features, including a grand staircase and geometric wood flooring. the buyers began further restoration as a private residence with the help of a tax abatement.</p><br>
<p>Mars Hill Anderson Rosenwald School  is a historic school building in Mars Hill, North Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1928, the school was built to educate Mars Hill&#39;s African-American children.</p><br>
<p>It served Madison County and portions of Yancey County from 1928 to 1965, when it closed as a result of North Carolinas school integration. It is one of only two surviving Rosenwald schools in the states westernmost region, and was restored between 2009 and 2019.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, it was inscribed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick Turner Fourplex is a historic apartment building located in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1928 in the Tudor Revival style, it is an outstanding example of Portland architect Roscoe D. Hemenway&#39;s  work in period revival styles during the 1920s through the 1950s. Hemenway was well known for designing well-appointed single-family homes, and the Turner Fourplex is one of very few multi-unit residences he produced.</p><br>
<p>The building was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Senate Court Apartments are a historic apartment building located in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is an important work in the career of Portland architect Roscoe Hemenway, In it, Hemenway employed the Colonial Revival style to draw out an air of respectability and tradition, in an effort to make apartment living more appealing to a middle-class clientele. Built in 1944 for developer Douglas W. Lowell, the complex was aimed at single women working in war industries. Lowell went on to develop over 3,000 housing units in Portland through his career.</p><br>
<p>The building was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Fred Tunturi House is a historic residence located in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1922, it is the only well-preserved Craftsman bungalow in the Walnut Park district of Portland that exhibits two classic features of the bungalow type: a full-width porch and a low, continuous, gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Garfield School, also known as the Garfield Commons, is a former school building located at 510 East Spruce Street in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Third Ward of Sault Ste. Marie was originally served by the Seymour School, a one-room schoolhouse constructed in 1876. However, despite its enlargement in the mid-1880s, this school was at capacity by 1897. The school board hired the Marquette architectural firm of Charlton, Gilbert, & Demar to design the Garfield School as a replacement, and the local firm of Lipsett & Gregg to construct it. The building was completed in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The school remained as built until 1952, when a covered basement exit and an addition containing a gymnasium were added to the building. However, by the 1960s, the Garfield School was already the oldest in the district, and in 1970 the school&#39;s students were relocated to the former junior high school building. The district continued to use the building for support services until 1989, after which the district sold the building. In the 2010s, there were plans to rehabilitate the building into a community center known as the "Garfield Commons," but no steps had been taken to do so. In 2022, plans were announced to renovate the school into 14 apartments, keeping most of the existing historical structure.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Garfield School is a two-story, rough-faced Marquette brownstone main building with a 1952 red brick addition containing a gymnasium. The original building has an I-shaped footprint and sits on a raised basement. Smooth brownstone bands run at the water table, first floor window lintel and second floor</p><br>
<p>windowsill lines. A wood cornice with egg and dart molding and carved brackets supporting the deep roof eaves tops the walls. The gable roof runs side-to-side, with hipped roofs over the projections located at the four corners of the building. The gymnasium and a connector are both clad in red brick and have flat roofs. The building remains much as it was constructed, save for the removal of the original roof cupola and the original entrance porch and stone columns.</p><br>
<p>The Gibson, Inc. Factory and Office Building is a former industrial building located at 225 Parsons Street in Kalamazoo, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1902, Orville Gibson incorporated the Gibson Mandolin Guitar Company in Kalamazoo. Production began in a former bakery located in downtown Kalamazoo. They company soon moved to a larger facility, and in 1911 moved again to a larger two-story industrial building. By this time the company employed over sixty workmen, and even the new facility was proving too small. The same year, the company purchased land on Parson Street and hired local architect George Gilbert Worden to design a new factory and office building. However, securing permits and material was slow, and construction did not begin until 1916, with the building completed in 1917.</p><br>
<p>After World War I, interest in the mandolin declined, affecting Gibson&#39;s profits. This was exacerbated by the arrival of the Great Depression some years later. However, the company adapted and even constructed a small addition to the plant in 1935. Additional expansions were made in 1945, by the late 1940s the company was again expanding, and substantial additions to the building were made in 1950. The $400,000 brick-and-steel expansion of 1960 added an additional 60,000 square feet. In 1965, the plant was again expanded, filling the entire block. However, the market softened in the late 1960s, and in 1969 the company changed ownership.</p><br>
<p>Gibson opened a plant in Nashville, Tennessee in 1975, and over the next decade production shifted to the new plant. The Kalamazoo plant was shuttered in 1984. The 1917 building was occupied in 1985 by Heritage Guitars, a company created by former Gibson employees. They later relocated to one of the additions, and remain there as of 2021. Other small companies also use the space.</p><br>
<p>In 2021, a planned renovation of the building into a Hard Rock Hotel was announced.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Gibson, Inc. Factory and Office Building, consists of the original 1917 building and ten subsequent additions completed between 1917 and 1965, covering a city block. The original 1917 factory building, located in the southeast corner of the property, is a "daylight" style factory constructed of cast-in-place concrete. It is three stories tall and has a concrete and a stucco-like exterior and large steel-framed industrial windows on all sides. The remaining additions are of varied styles, most being single-story steel structures with masonry exteriors. A Modern Movement office building was added in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The Thompson Court Apartments are a historic apartment building located in Portland, Oregon, United States. They represent an excellent example of architect Ewald T. Pape&#39;s steps toward making apartment living more appealing to the middle class. Built in 1929 for developer William K. Johnson, the building incorporates features such as two-story townhouse-type units, an L shape footprint to create greenspace, individual front and back entrances to each unit with individual addresses, and an overall emphasis on interior function over exterior design. While Pape was not unique in the use of these features, he stands out for utilizing all of them as a cohesive whole in his best buildings.</p><br>
<p>The building was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Farmers National Bank at 100 S. Main St. in Stafford, Kansas is a Classical Revival style building constructed in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The bank operated in a frame structure at 100 N. Main across from this building starting in 1886, then shifted to a bank building at this location which was destroyed by fire in February 1905. The building was promptly designed and built and opened in November 1905. It is significant partly for the relatively high quality architecture provided by architect Charles E. Shepard of the Kansas City-based architectural firm of Shepard, Farrar; it was unusual for a small town bank to obtain such services.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, it was home of the Stafford Historical & Genealogical Society & Museum, which also occupied the 100 N. Main building.</p><br>
<p>The Vicksburg Historic District is mixed commercial and residential historic district located primarily along Main Street, Michigan Avenue, and Kalamazoo Avenue, and adjacent portions of Prairie, Washington, Maple, South, and Park Streets in Vicksburg, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>White settlers first arrived in the Vicksburg area in the early 1830s, and in 1849 the village was first platted. By 1861, Vicksburg had multiple businesses established in its downtown. Growth increased starting in 1870 with the arrival of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Through the rest of the 19th century, the downtown commercial area expanded with the addition of hotels, banks, grocers, and other businesses, as well as social organizations, churches, and schools. At the same time, the residential area of Vicksburg expanded, with many Victorian houses built before 1900.</p><br>
<p>After the turn of the century, the Lee Paper Company opened a factory in the village, increasing the population from under 1000 in 1900 to over 1600 in 1910. However, the Great Depression had a substantial impact on local businesses, with many closing and some buildings demolished during the 1930s. The population of Vicksburg in 1940 was not much more than it had been in 1910. The village began growing again in the 1950s, but as the 20th century continued, the greater mobility of the populace created competition from businesses in nearby Kalamazoo and Portage, causing Vicksburg&#39;s downtown to go into decline. However, since the turn of the 21st century, the village is again growing, with over 1000 more residents in 2019 than 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Vicksburg Historic District includes 146 primary buildings (and 73 outbuildings) that contribute to the historic character of the district, and 27 additional non-contributing structures. The district includes Vicksburg&#39;s commercial downtown, located near the northern edge of the district, and residential neighborhoods to the south.</p><br>
<p>The residences in the district vary in size and architectural style. There are many large, highly ornamented Italianate, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival style houses built in the later part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, as well as a small number of earlier Greek Revival and Gothic Revival houses and later American Craftsman houses. The most prominent of these houses are located along South Main Street, South Michigan Avenue, and South Kalamazoo Avenue. Many other homes are modest vernacular versions of these styles, as well as Minimal Traditional-style homes, Ranch houses, and homes with Modern detailing constructed.</p><br>
<p>The commercial structures are primarily located along the 100 block of North Main Street, 100-200 blocks of South Main Street, 100 block of North Kalamazoo Avenue, and 100 blocks of East and West Prairie streets. These buildings primarily date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and are substantially vernacular and Italianate-style buildings. Most are built of brick with and minimal detailing, although there are a small number of frame, stone, and concrete block structures in the district. The district additionally includes some churches, a post office, a library, and schools.</p><br>
<p>The Stradal House, on N. 13th St. in Wa Keeney in Trego County, Kansas is a Lustron house which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story 31x35 ft house on a concrete slab foundation, built by Dreiling Implements of Hays, Kansas for John and Agnes Stradal.</p><br>
<p>It is an example of Lustron&#39;s two-bedroom Westchester Deluxe Plan model. As with other pre-fabricated Lustron models, it included built-in cabinets and bookshelves, and had exterior steel panels. In this example the exterior panels are "desert tan with white trim."</p><br>
<p>It was deemed worthy of NRHP listing "for its architecture and its significance as one of only a hundred Lustron houses extant in Kansas at the time of nomination."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register as part of a multiple property submission of Lustron houses in Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The Valley View Leasing and Mining Company Mill, also known as the Matterhorn Mill, near Ophir, Colorado, is a flotation mill which was built in 1920 and was renovated in 1961. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>It is 146x46 ft in plan and 96 ft tall.</p><br>
<p>The mill is located in the valley of the Lake Fork of the San Miguel River at an elevation of 9,431 feet, and at the base of the east slope of 11,845 foot high San Bernardo Mountain in the Trout Lake Mining District just north of Lizard Head Pass. The mill is located approximately 30 degrees from true north, however, the following description refers to nominal directions. Thus, the structure extends roughly 146 feet east to west and 46 feet north to south. At its highest point at the east, the mill is ninety-six feet in height and is visible above the surrounding forest from the highway. To the west, the 146-foot long mill extends down a west slope in five steps to the mill tailings pond located on what was a bench above the Lake Fork of the San Miguel River. The area around the mill is forested, though to the east it is sparse within the 150-foot setback from the highway. Access is by a circular roadway system that connects to the highway north and south of the mill site. The dirt access road leads to the 1960s storage bin of the mill. Beyond is the original grade of the abandoned Rio Grande Southern Railroad spur that extended 200 feet northerly from the Matterhorn Depot across the east elevation of the mill and terminating at the northeast corner according to the 1922 Sanborn Map. The spur passed through a rock cut constructed in 1919 in preparation for the construction of the mill. The Sanborn Map also noted that the mill was electrified, steam heated, and supplied with water from the nearby “creek” that was stored in a 10,000 gallon tank located on the hillside above the mill.</p><br>
<p>Designated a San Miguel County Landmark December 16, 2005, the Matterhorn Mill was typical of the first generation of flotation mills used to concentrate ores prior to shipment to distant smelters for final processing. The Matterhorn Mill included the four systems of a typical mill, as described in period texts, such as Antoine Marc Gaudin&#39;s Flotation (New York: McGraw Hill, 1932): 1) an ore delivery system, 2) a crushing and storage section, 3) the concentration section, and 4) filtration and bagging/shipping section. Typical of a flotation mill, the ore from the mine traveled down through fifteen levels to be reduced into concentrates. The levels augmented the economical processing of ore utilizing gravity. Nearly all the equipment remaining in the mill clearly illustrates the flotation process.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Walter L. Reed and was built by Otto Beselack.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 it was owned by the USA Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>In 2020, at 100 years of age, it was announced that the mill was "undergoing a restoration project that will stabilize the remaining architecture, improve the structural integrity and cleanup the mining waste and tailings piles. Following the completion of the mill repairs and cleanup, a historic preservation easement will facilitate the conveyance of the mill from the USA Forest Service to San Miguel County to sustain the Matterhorn Mill for public enjoyment and education."</p><br>
<p>It is located off Colorado State Highway 145, about 2.8 mi south of Ophir, within what was the historic townsite of Matterhorn, Colorado, which was known as San Bernardo, Colorado before 1908.</p><br>
